A History of Secret U.S. Government Programs


The following is a list of this century's most controversial government
activities. It will be updated regularly in order to keep readers abreast of
newly declassified materials:
1931
Dr. Cornelius Rhoads, under the auspices of the Rockefeller Institute for
Medical Investigations, infects human subjects with cancer cells. He later
goes
on to establish the U.S. Army Biological Warfare facilities in Maryland,
Utah,
and Panama, and is named to the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. While there,
he
begins a series of radiation exposure experiments on American soldiers and
civilian hospital patients.

1932
The Tuskegee Syphilis Study begins. 200 black men diagnosed with syphilis
are
never told of their illness, are denied treatment, and instead are used as
human guinea pigs in order to follow the progression and symptoms of the
disease. They all subsequently die from syphilis, their families never told
that they could have been treated.

1935
The Pellagra Incident. After millions of individuals die from Pellagra over
a
span of two decades, the U.S. Public Health Service finally acts to stem the
disease. The director of the agency admits it had known for at least 20
years
that Pellagra is caused by a niacin deficiency but failed to act since most
of
the deaths occured within poverty-striken black populations.

1940
Four hundred prisoners in Chicago are infected with Malaria in order to
study
the effects of new and experimental drugs to combat the disease. Nazi
doctors
later on trial at Nuremberg cite this American study to defend their own
actions during the Holocaust.

1942
Chemical Warfare Services begins mustard gas experiments on approximately
4,000
servicemen. The experiments continue until 1945 and made use of Seventh Day
Adventists who chose to become human guinea pigs rather than serve on active
duty.

1943
In response to Japan's full-scale germ warfare program, the U.S. begins
research on biological weapons at Fort Detrick, MD.

1944
U.S. Navy uses human subjects to test gas masks and clothing. Individuals
were
locked in a gas chamber and exposed to mustard gas and lewisite.

1945
Project Paperclip is initiated. The U.S. State Department, Army
intelligence,
and the CIA recruit Nazi scientists and offer them immunity and secret
identities in exchange for work on top secret government projects in the
United
States.

"Program F" is implemented by the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission (AEC). This
is
the most extensive U.S. study of the health effects of fluoride, which was
the
key chemical component in atomic bomb production. One of the most toxic
chemicals known to man, fluoride, it is found, causes marked adverse effects
to
the central nervous system but much of the information is squelched in the
name
of national security because of fear that lawsuits would undermine
full-scale
production of atomic bombs.

1946
Patients in VA hospitals are used as guinea pigs for medical experiments. In
order to allay suspicions, the order is given to change the word
"experiments"
to "investigations" or "observations" whenever reporting a medical study
performed in one of the nation's veteran's hospitals.

1947
Colonel E.E. Kirkpatrick of the U.S. Atomic Energy Comission issues a secret
document (Document 07075001, January 8, 1947) stating that the agency will
begin administering intravenous doses of radioactive substances to human
subjects.

The CIA begins its study of LSD as a potential weapon for use by American
intelligence. Human subjects (both civilian and military) are used with and
without their knowledge.

1950
Department of Defense begins plans to detonate nuclear weapons in desert
areas
and monitor downwind residents for medical problems and mortality rates.

In an experiment to determine how susceptible an American city would be to
biological attack, the U.S. Navy sprays a cloud of bacteria from ships over
San
Franciso. Monitoring devices are situated throughout the city in order to
test
the extent of infection. Many residents become ill with pneumonia-like
symptoms.

1951
Department of Defense begins open air tests using disease-producing bacteria
and viruses. Tests last through 1969 and there is concern that people in the
surrounding areas have been exposed.

1953
U.S. military releases clouds of zinc cadmium sulfide gas over Winnipeg, St.
Louis, Minneapolis, Fort Wayne, the Monocacy River Valley in Maryland, and
Leesburg, Virginia. Their intent is to determine how efficiently they could
disperse chemical agents.

Joint Army-Navy-CIA experiments are conducted in which tens of thousands of
people in New York and San Francisco are exposed to the airborne germs
Serratia
marcescens and Bacillus glogigii.

CIA initiates Project MKULTRA. This is an eleven year research program
designed
to produce and test drugs and biological agents that would be used for mind
control and behavior modification. Six of the subprojects involved testing
the
agents on unwitting human beings.

1955
The CIA, in an experiment to test its ability to infect human populations
with
biological agents, releases a bacteria withdrawn from the Army's biological
warfare arsenal over Tampa Bay, Fl.

Army Chemical Corps continues LSD research, studying its potential use as a
chemical incapacitating agent. More than 1,000 Americans participate in the
tests, which continue until 1958.

1956
U.S. military releases mosquitoes infected with Yellow Fever over Savannah,
Ga
and Avon Park, Fl. Following each test, Army agents posing as public health
officials test victims for effects.

1958
LSD is tested on 95 volunteers at the Army's Chemical Warfare Laboratories
for
its effect on intelligence.

1960
The Army Assistant Chief-of-Staff for Intelligence (ACSI) authorizes field
testing of LSD in Europe and the Far East. Testing of the european
population
is code named Project THIRD CHANCE; testing of the Asian population is code
named Project DERBY HAT.

1965
Project CIA and Department of Defense begin Project MKSEARCH, a program to
develop a capability to manipulate human behavior through the use of
mind-altering drugs.

1965
Prisoners at the Holmesburg State Prison in Philadelphia are subjected to
dioxin, the highly toxic chemical component of Agent Orange used in Viet
Nam.
The men are later studied for development of cancer, which indicates that
Agent
Orange had been a suspected carcinogen all along.

1966
CIA initiates Project MKOFTEN, a program to test the toxicological effects
of
certain drugs on humans and animals.

U.S. Army dispenses Bacillus subtilis variant niger throughout the New York
City subway system. More than a million civilians are exposed when army
scientists drop lightbulbs filled with the bacteria onto ventilation grates.

1967
CIA and Department of Defense implement Project MKNAOMI, successor to
MKULTRA
and designed to maintain, stockpile and test biological and chemical
weapons.

1968
CIA experiments with the possibility of poisoning drinking water by
injecting
chemicals into the water supply of the FDA in Washington, D.C.

1969
Dr. Robert MacMahan of the Department of Defense requests from congress $10
million to develop, within 5 to 10 years, a synthetic biological agent to
which
no natural immunity exists.

1970
Funding for the synthetic biological agent is obtained under H.R. 15090. The
project, under the supervision of the CIA, is carried out by the Special
Operations Division at Fort Detrick, the army's top secret biological
weapons
facility. Speculation is raised that molecular biology techniques are used
to
produce AIDS-like retroviruses.

United States intensifies its development of "ethnic weapons" (Military
Review,
Nov., 1970), designed to selectively target and eliminate specific ethnic
groups who are susceptible due to genetic differences and variations in DNA.

1975
The virus section of Fort Detrick's Center for Biological Warfare Research
is
renamed the Fredrick Cancer Research Facilities and placed under the
supervision of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) . It is here that a
special
virus cancer program is initiated by the U.S. Navy, purportedly to develop
cancer-causing viruses. It is also here that retrovirologists isolate a
virus
to which no immunity exists. It is later named HTLV (Human T-cell Leukemia
Virus).

1977
Senate hearings on Health and Scientific Research confirm that 239 populated
areas had been contaminated with biological agents between 1949 and 1969.
Some
of the areas included San Francisco, Washington, D.C., Key West, Panama
City,
Minneapolis, and St. Louis.

1978
Experimental Hepatitis B vaccine trials, conducted by the CDC, begin in New
York, Los Angeles and San Francisco. Ads for research subjects specifically
ask
for promiscuous homosexual men.

1981
First cases of AIDS are confirmed in homosexual men in New York, Los Angeles
and San Francisco, triggering speculation that AIDS may have been introduced
via the Hepatitis B vaccine

1985
According to the journal Science (227:173-177), HTLV and VISNA, a fatal
sheep
virus, are very similar, indicating a close taxonomic and evolutionary
relationship.

1986
According to the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
(83:4007-4011), HIV and VISNA are highly similar and share all structural
elements, except for a small segment which is nearly identical to HTLV. This
leads to speculation that HTLV and VISNA may have been linked to produce a
new
retrovirus to which no natural immunity exists.

A report to Congress reveals that the U.S. Government's current generation
of
biological agents includes: modified viruses, naturally occurring toxins,
and
agents that are altered through genetic engineering to change immunological
character and prevent treatment by all existing vaccines.

1987
Department of Defense admits that, despite a treaty banning research and
development of biological agents, it continues to operate research
facilities
at 127 facilities and universities around the nation.

1990
More than 1500 six-month old black and hispanic babies in Los Angeles are
given
an "experimental" measles vaccine that had never been licensed for use in
the
United States. CDC later admits that parents were never informed that the
vaccine being injected to their children was experimental.

1994
With a technique called "gene tracking," Dr. Garth Nicolson at the MD
Anderson
Cancer Center in Houston, TX discovers that many returning Desert Storm
veterans are infected with an altered strain of Mycoplasma incognitus, a
microbe commonly used in the production of biological weapons. Incorporated
into its molecular structure is 40 percent of the HIV protein coat,
indicating
that it had been man-made.

Senator John D. Rockefeller issues a report revealing that for at least 50
years the Department of Defense has used hundreds of thousands of military
personnel in human experiments and for intentional exposure to dangerous
substances. Materials included mustard and nerve gas, ionizing radiation,
psychochemicals, hallucinogens, and drugs used during the Gulf War .

1995
U.S. Government admits that it had offered Japanese war criminals and
scientists who had performed human medical experiments salaries and immunity
from prosecution in exchange for data on biological warfare research.

Dr. Garth Nicolson, uncovers evidence that the biological agents used during
the Gulf War had been manufactured in Houston, TX and Boca Raton, Fl and
tested
on prisoners in the Texas Department of Corrections.

1996
Department of Defense admits that Desert Storm soldiers were exposed to
chemical agents.

1997
Eighty-eight members of Congress sign a letter demanding an investigation
into
bioweapons use & Gulf War Syndrome.
<A HREF="http://hometown.aol.com/agoliszek/page2/index.htm">
http://hometown.aol.com/agoliszek/page2/index.htm</A>  >>


WOW I am amazed that all this has been going on for all these years and
there
has been no press on any of this stuff scares the stuff out of me.

Dat crazy Hippy Hepper YOOPER Pete G
"When one refuses to look at things from another point of view, they have
narrowed their own perspective down to a pin prick." pmg.
-----------------
Forwarded Message:
Subj:    A History of Secret U.S. Government Programs -- WOW, is this for
REAL?
Date:   01/06/2001 6:03:00 AM Central Standard Time
From:   Wix58@aol.com
Reply-to:   Wix58@aol.com
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Date: Sat, 6 Jan 2001 06:18:30 EST
From: Wix58@aol.com
Subject: A History of Secret U.S. Government Programs -- WOW, is this for
REAL?

A History of Secret U.S. Government Programs


The following is a list of this century's most controversial government
activities. It will be updated regularly in order to keep readers abreast of
newly declassified materials:
1931
Dr. Cornelius Rhoads, under the auspices of the Rockefeller Institute for
Medical Investigations, infects human subjects with cancer cells. He later
goes
on to establish the U.S. Army Biological Warfare facilities in Maryland,
Utah,
and Panama, and is named to the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. While there,
he
begins a series of radiation exposure experiments on American soldiers and
civilian hospital patients.

1932
The Tuskegee Syphilis Study begins. 200 black men diagnosed with syphilis
are
never told of their illness, are denied treatment, and instead are used as
human guinea pigs in order to follow the progression and symptoms of the
disease. They all subsequently die from syphilis, their families never told
that they could have been treated.

1935
The Pellagra Incident. After millions of individuals die from Pellagra over
a
span of two decades, the U.S. Public Health Service finally acts to stem the
disease. The director of the agency admits it had known for at least 20
years
that Pellagra is caused by a niacin deficiency but failed to act since most
of
the deaths occured within poverty-striken black populations.

1940
Four hundred prisoners in Chicago are infected with Malaria in order to
study
the effects of new and experimental drugs to combat the disease. Nazi
doctors
later on trial at Nuremberg cite this American study to defend their own
actions during the Holocaust.

1942
Chemical Warfare Services begins mustard gas experiments on approximately
4,000
servicemen. The experiments continue until 1945 and made use of Seventh Day
Adventists who chose to become human guinea pigs rather than serve on active
duty.

1943
In response to Japan's full-scale germ warfare program, the U.S. begins
research on biological weapons at Fort Detrick, MD.

1944
U.S. Navy uses human subjects to test gas masks and clothing. Individuals
were
locked in a gas chamber and exposed to mustard gas and lewisite.

1945
Project Paperclip is initiated. The U.S. State Department, Army
intelligence,
and the CIA recruit Nazi scientists and offer them immunity and secret
identities in exchange for work on top secret government projects in the
United
States.

"Program F" is implemented by the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission (AEC). This
is
the most extensive U.S. study of the health effects of fluoride, which was
the
key chemical component in atomic bomb production. One of the most toxic
chemicals known to man, fluoride, it is found, causes marked adverse effects
to
the central nervous system but much of the information is squelched in the
name
of national security because of fear that lawsuits would undermine
full-scale
production of atomic bombs.

1946
Patients in VA hospitals are used as guinea pigs for medical experiments. In
order to allay suspicions, the order is given to change the word
"experiments"
to "investigations" or "observations" whenever reporting a medical study
performed in one of the nation's veteran's hospitals.

1947
Colonel E.E. Kirkpatrick of the U.S. Atomic Energy Comission issues a secret
document (Document 07075001, January 8, 1947) stating that the agency will
begin administering intravenous doses of radioactive substances to human
subjects.

The CIA begins its study of LSD as a potential weapon for use by American
intelligence. Human subjects (both civilian and military) are used with and
without their knowledge.

1950
Department of Defense begins plans to detonate nuclear weapons in desert
areas
and monitor downwind residents for medical problems and mortality rates.

In an experiment to determine how susceptible an American city would be to
biological attack, the U.S. Navy sprays a cloud of bacteria from ships over
San
Franciso. Monitoring devices are situated throughout the city in order to
test
the extent of infection. Many residents become ill with pneumonia-like
symptoms.

1951
Department of Defense begins open air tests using disease-producing bacteria
and viruses. Tests last through 1969 and there is concern that people in the
surrounding areas have been exposed.

1953
U.S. military releases clouds of zinc cadmium sulfide gas over Winnipeg, St.
Louis, Minneapolis, Fort Wayne, the Monocacy River Valley in Maryland, and
Leesburg, Virginia. Their intent is to determine how efficiently they could
disperse chemical agents.

Joint Army-Navy-CIA experiments are conducted in which tens of thousands of
people in New York and San Francisco are exposed to the airborne germs
Serratia
marcescens and Bacillus glogigii.

CIA initiates Project MKULTRA. This is an eleven year research program
designed
to produce and test drugs and biological agents that would be used for mind
control and behavior modification. Six of the subprojects involved testing
the
agents on unwitting human beings.

1955
The CIA, in an experiment to test its ability to infect human populations
with
biological agents, releases a bacteria withdrawn from the Army's biological
warfare arsenal over Tampa Bay, Fl.

Army Chemical Corps continues LSD research, studying its potential use as a
chemical incapacitating agent. More than 1,000 Americans participate in the
tests, which continue until 1958.

1956
U.S. military releases mosquitoes infected with Yellow Fever over Savannah,
Ga
and Avon Park, Fl. Following each test, Army agents posing as public health
officials test victims for effects.

1958
LSD is tested on 95 volunteers at the Army's Chemical Warfare Laboratories
for
its effect on intelligence.

1960
The Army Assistant Chief-of-Staff for Intelligence (ACSI) authorizes field
testing of LSD in Europe and the Far East. Testing of the european
population
is code named Project THIRD CHANCE; testing of the Asian population is code
named Project DERBY HAT.

1965
Project CIA and Department of Defense begin Project MKSEARCH, a program to
develop a capability to manipulate human behavior through the use of
mind-altering drugs.

1965
Prisoners at the Holmesburg State Prison in Philadelphia are subjected to
dioxin, the highly toxic chemical component of Agent Orange used in Viet
Nam.
The men are later studied for development of cancer, which indicates that
Agent
Orange had been a suspected carcinogen all along.

1966
CIA initiates Project MKOFTEN, a program to test the toxicological effects
of
certain drugs on humans and animals.

U.S. Army dispenses Bacillus subtilis variant niger throughout the New York
City subway system. More than a million civilians are exposed when army
scientists drop lightbulbs filled with the bacteria onto ventilation grates.

1967
CIA and Department of Defense implement Project MKNAOMI, successor to
MKULTRA
and designed to maintain, stockpile and test biological and chemical
weapons.

1968
CIA experiments with the possibility of poisoning drinking water by
injecting
chemicals into the water supply of the FDA in Washington, D.C.

1969
Dr. Robert MacMahan of the Department of Defense requests from congress $10
million to develop, within 5 to 10 years, a synthetic biological agent to
which
no natural immunity exists.

1970
Funding for the synthetic biological agent is obtained under H.R. 15090. The
project, under the supervision of the CIA, is carried out by the Special
Operations Division at Fort Detrick, the army's top secret biological
weapons
facility. Speculation is raised that molecular biology techniques are used
to
produce AIDS-like retroviruses.

United States intensifies its development of "ethnic weapons" (Military
Review,
Nov., 1970), designed to selectively target and eliminate specific ethnic
groups who are susceptible due to genetic differences and variations in DNA.

1975
The virus section of Fort Detrick's Center for Biological Warfare Research
is
renamed the Fredrick Cancer Research Facilities and placed under the
supervision of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) . It is here that a
special
virus cancer program is initiated by the U.S. Navy, purportedly to develop
cancer-causing viruses. It is also here that retrovirologists isolate a
virus
to which no immunity exists. It is later named HTLV (Human T-cell Leukemia
Virus).

1977
Senate hearings on Health and Scientific Research confirm that 239 populated
areas had been contaminated with biological agents between 1949 and 1969.
Some
of the areas included San Francisco, Washington, D.C., Key West, Panama
City,
Minneapolis, and St. Louis.

1978
Experimental Hepatitis B vaccine trials, conducted by the CDC, begin in New
York, Los Angeles and San Francisco. Ads for research subjects specifically
ask
for promiscuous homosexual men.

1981
First cases of AIDS are confirmed in homosexual men in New York, Los Angeles
and San Francisco, triggering speculation that AIDS may have been introduced
via the Hepatitis B vaccine

1985
According to the journal Science (227:173-177), HTLV and VISNA, a fatal
sheep
virus, are very similar, indicating a close taxonomic and evolutionary
relationship.

1986
According to the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
(83:4007-4011), HIV and VISNA are highly similar and share all structural
elements, except for a small segment which is nearly identical to HTLV. This
leads to speculation that HTLV and VISNA may have been linked to produce a
new
retrovirus to which no natural immunity exists.

A report to Congress reveals that the U.S. Government's current generation
of
biological agents includes: modified viruses, naturally occurring toxins,
and
agents that are altered through genetic engineering to change immunological
character and prevent treatment by all existing vaccines.

1987
Department of Defense admits that, despite a treaty banning research and
development of biological agents, it continues to operate research
facilities
at 127 facilities and universities around the nation.

1990
More than 1500 six-month old black and hispanic babies in Los Angeles are
given
an "experimental" measles vaccine that had never been licensed for use in
the
United States. CDC later admits that parents were never informed that the
vaccine being injected to their children was experimental.

1994
With a technique called "gene tracking," Dr. Garth Nicolson at the MD
Anderson
Cancer Center in Houston, TX discovers that many returning Desert Storm
veterans are infected with an altered strain of Mycoplasma incognitus, a
microbe commonly used in the production of biological weapons. Incorporated
into its molecular structure is 40 percent of the HIV protein coat,
indicating
that it had been man-made.

Senator John D. Rockefeller issues a report revealing that for at least 50
years the Department of Defense has used hundreds of thousands of military
personnel in human experiments and for intentional exposure to dangerous
substances. Materials included mustard and nerve gas, ionizing radiation,
psychochemicals, hallucinogens, and drugs used during the Gulf War .

1995
U.S. Government admits that it had offered Japanese war criminals and
scientists who had performed human medical experiments salaries and immunity
from prosecution in exchange for data on biological warfare research.

Dr. Garth Nicolson, uncovers evidence that the biological agents used during
the Gulf War had been manufactured in Houston, TX and Boca Raton, Fl and
tested
on prisoners in the Texas Department of Corrections.

1996
Department of Defense admits that Desert Storm soldiers were exposed to
chemical agents.

1997
Eighty-eight members of Congress sign a letter demanding an investigation
into
bioweapons use & Gulf War Syndrome.
<